TIL History
Discovery & Early Trials
Scientists found that immune cells called tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) could be taken from tumors, grown in the lab, and reinfused to attack cancer.
Larger Studies & Durable Responses
Clinical studies showed TIL therapy could shrink tumors and produce long-lasting responses for some melanoma patients.
FDA Approval (Lifileucel / Amtagvi)
The FDA approved lifileucel (Amtagvi), the first TIL product for unresectable or metastatic melanoma after prior PD‑1 therapy.
Technique Refinement
Labs improved TIL growth methods (using IL‑2 and better culture techniques), increasing cell yield and effectiveness.
First Phase III Randomized Trial
The M14TIL phase III study showed TIL therapy improved progression-free survival compared to standard treatment in advanced melanoma.
Now — Expansion & Ongoing Research
Researchers are testing TIL therapy in more solid tumors and combining it with checkpoint inhibitors to boost outcomes.